Bone formation is an interesting process that we should know for bone marrow cancer research. We have discussed about the bone marrow organization in previous post. But, how is the bone formed up?

Formation of Bone

The designated osteoprogenitor cells are the progenitors of the bone-forming cells. These cells are flattened and in spindle shape. They are capable to develop into either osteoblasts or chondrocytes according to the micro-environmental factors. The glycosaminoglycans of the bone matrix are synthesized by osteoblasts. Besides, the osteoblasts synthesize the collagenous fibres which are resided in the matrix. The glycosaminoglycans and collagenous fibres form osteoid or we called non-calcified bone. Next, the mineralization will occur.

Remodeling of Bone Formation

The remodeling constantly occurs when bone formation. It usually occurs in subcortical regions in adult life. The osteoblasts add a new layer of bone to trabeculae bone. On the other hand, the osteoclasts will undergo the resorption in other areas of the bone. Therefore, more than 25% of the trabecular surface may be covered by osteoid. The process of resorption creates the Howship’s lacunae that lie in shallow hollows. In contrast, the osteoblasts can be seen in rows on the surface of trabecular bone and also on the surface of osteoid layer.

After the new bone is laid down, the osteoblasts will become immured in bone and converted into osteocytes. The woven bone will replace the osteoid and remodel to form lamellar bone. The lamellar bone gives rise to alternating light and dark layers when observed under polarized light.

The trephine biopsies or the bone marrow test have been carried out on the children. The results show that the children contain cartilage, bone and endochondrial bone formation. The transition from resting cartilage to proliferating and hypertrophic cartilage can be viewed and consequently followed by calcifying cartilage zone, invading vessels and bone. The mature cartilage can be detected in trephine biopsy from adults too.

In conclusion, the bone formation is a complex process that occurs within our body. By understanding the process of bone formation, we can know more about the bone marrow. It is important for leukemia cancer research. Thanks for visiting Cytogenetics Cancer Research blog!

(Reference: Bone Marrow Pathology written by Barbara J. B., David M. C., Irvin A. L. and Bridget S. W.)